Question
Alssalam Aleikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.
Please answer me with what the 4 Madhabs say and not just one fiqh school please if that’s possible , I don’t want any opinion of non Madhabies.
I wanted to know if it’s permissible to wipe on khuffs that are present today even tho they may be :
1- may be made of artificial leather , even tho the seller may claim it’s 100% original Goat/sheep leather
2- have some parts which aren’t of leather for example the zipper , which may allow water to the feet + the sides of the zippers which aren’t of leather either , as shown here : https://www.amazon.de/dp/B08KPK67LH/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apan_glt_i_D2KWN38TGZKRXVSWHB0G
3- khuffs with rubbers on the side which get soaked with water like this here :
4- khuffs aren’t leathered from the inside.
5- khuffs don’t stick and stay still unless with the help of something else ( zipper , rupper etc… )
6- if the leather is artifical , then its possible that it’s coated with color , the color may be cleared and ruined with time after mash or walking etc…
7- a part of the Khuff is made of materials which may allow water , or it’s not 100% leather ( as mentioned in the other question above )
8- as shown in the sent photos , the zipper and rubber is coming parallel to the ankle or even lower , so not the whole obligatory part is covered with leather ( or artifical leather )
9- is it even possible to walk on the khuffs that are created these days ? They’re mostly worn as socks these days.
What about socks which look completely like the normal socks we wear , however they’re waterproof , like this : https://www.amazon.de/dp/B01MTODSN9/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apan_glt_i_ARCT5XPDV3AJ1K04FFSY.
I’ve sent images of the products I found in Amazon , I really need help since we live in Germany and we need fatwa regarding this… HOWEVER it should be a fatwa within the borders of the 4 madhabs only please
Thank you very much our Muftis !
And sorry for my bad English , it’s not my main language.
Answer
You have requested for us to answer according to the different schools of jurisprudence. We will provide you with answers according to the Hanafi school and would suggest that you acquire clarification of the other schools from their own experts.
When the jurists discuss wiping on footwear they break down footwear into various categories. The first are termed khuff. It is permissible, by agreement, for a person to wipe on khuff instead of washing their feet provided certain conditions are met such as wearing the khuff whilst in the state of wudu.
The second category are known as jawrab. There are four types of jawrab:
1) Footwear which has leather on the bottom only whilst the remainder is made from another thick material. This is known as jawrab muna”al.
2. Footwear which has leather on the bottom and top whilst the remainder is made from another material. This is known as jawrab mujallad.
3. Footwear which does not have any leather, however the material is thick. This is known as jawrab thakhin.
المبسوط للسرخسي (1/ 102)
وَالثَّخِينُ مِنْ الْجَوْرَبِ أَنْ يَسْتَمْسِكَ عَلَى السَّاقِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَشُدَّهُ بِشَيْءٍ
4. Footwear which does not have any leather and the material is thin. This is known as jawrab raqiq.
The first two types of jawrab are considered permissible according to Imam Abu Hanifah and his two students Imam Abu Yusuf and Imam Muhammad.
Wiping on the third category was considered impermissible by Imam Abu Hanifah as opposed to his two students who permitted wiping over them. Some scholars have understood Imam Abu Hanifah to have later retracted his position and permitted wiping on this type of footwear similar to his two students, whilst others state that this retraction cannot be attributed to him with certainty. In any case the fatwa in the Hanafi school is on the position of the two students that is it is permissible to wipe over such footwear.
Wiping on the fourth category is not permissible according to all three scholars.
المحيط البرهاني في الفقه النعماني (1/ 170)
وذكر شمس الأئمة السرخسي في «شرحه» : حكي أن أبا حنيفة رحمه الله مسح على جوربيه في مرضه الذي مات فيه، وقال لعواده: فعلت ما كنت أمنع الناس عنه، قال رحمه الله: استدلوا به على رجوعه إلى قولهما، وكان شمس الأئمة الحلواني رحمه الله يقول: هذا كلام محتمل يحتمل أنه كان رجوعاً إلى قولهما، ويحتمل أن لا يكون رجوعاً ويكون اعتذاراً إليهم، أي إنما أخذت بقول المخالف للضرورة، فلا يثبت الرجوع بالشك
المحيط البرهاني في الفقه النعماني (1/ 170)
ثم بين المشايخ اختلاف في مقدار النعل الذي يكفي لجواز المسح على الثخين عند أبي حنيفة رحمه الله، قال بعضهم: إذا كان في باطن الخف أديم وهو ما يكفي لكف القدم، جاز المسح عليه، وقال بعضهم: لا يجوز المسح (حتى) حتى تكون الأديم على أصابع الرجل وظاهر القدمين، وقال بعضهم: لا يجوز المسح (حتى) يكون الأديم إلى الساق ليكون ظاهر قدميه وكعباه مستوراً بالأديم فعلى قول هذا القائل: لو كان المستور بالأديم ما دون الساق، والساق مجورب لا يجوز المسح عند أبي حنيفة رحمه الله
In response to your questions:
1- May be made of artificial leather, even though the seller may claim it’s 100% original Goat/sheep leather.
Answer: If footwear is made from material other than leather it will still be permissible to wipe on them provided the conditions of wiping on non-leather footwear are met such as the footwear covering the ankles, not having holes the size of three small toes, being able to hold itself up to the ankles due to its thickness, the person wearing them being able to walk a distance of 3 miles in them, and not being see through. Some scholars have also added being water proof.
2- Have some parts which aren’t of leather for example the zipper, which may allow water to the feet + the sides of the zippers which aren’t of leather either, as shown here: https://www.amazon.de/dp/B08KPK67LH/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apan_glt_i_D2KWN38TGZKRXVSWHB0G
Answer: If the main bulk of the footwear is made of leather it will be permissible to wipe even if a zipper has been attached which neither itself is made of leather nor the material used to attach it to the leather. The jurists discuss footwear which have been slightly torn and then patched together using another material. They have permitted wiping on such footwear and have not considered these patches as problematic.
As for the issue of letting water through, one must bear in mind that this is not an absolute condition. The jurists have permitted wiping over footwear which has a small hole even though such a hole will undoubtedly let water through. Rather, being waterproof is just a measure used to determine whether the material is thick enough to be wiped over. Every small centimetre of the footwear does not have to be waterproof.
المحيط البرهاني في الفقه النعماني (1/ 171)
وإذا كان مشقوقاً بمعنى ما يلي ظاهر القدم فكان يبدو قدمه من ذلك، أو كان جورباً ثخيناً منعلاً إلا أن ما يلي ظاهر القدم مشقوق، وقد بينا لذلك الشق أزراراً مكان حشوهما أو هيأ له خيطاً أو ستراً فكان يسدها سداً يستر قدميه فهو كغير المشوق، وإن كان يستر بعضه دون بعض ذكر شمس الأئمة الحلواني رحمه الله: أن ذلك بمنزلة الخرق في الخف، وسيأتي الكلام في الخرق بعد هذا إن شاء الله تعالى3-
3. Khuffs with rubbers on the side which get soaked with water like this here :
https://www.amazon.de/dp/B07196K243/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apan_glt_i_3PRGCZANDE4C1TWW33E0
Answer: This type of khuff will be fine as it will at least fall in the ruling of a jawrab muna”al.
4. Khuffs aren’t leathered from the inside.
Answer: As long as the footwear is made of leather it will suffice. There does not have to be leather on the inside and outside.
الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (1/ 262)
وجوز مشايخ سمرقند ستر الكعبين باللفافة
قوله وجوز إلخ)
…
ولو ستر القدم باللفافة جوزه مشايخ سمرقند ولم يجوزه مشايخ بخارى. اهـ.
قال ح: والحق ما عليه مشايخ بخارى؛ لأن المذهب أنه لا يجوز المسح على الخف الذي لا يستر الكعبين إلا إذا خيط به ثخين كجوخ كما ذكره في الإمداد، فما ذكره الشارح ضعيف. اهـ. أقول: أي؛ لأن المتبادر من اللفافة أنها ما يلف على الرجل غير مخروز بالخف، فيكون حكمها حكم الرجل، بخلاف ما إذا كانت متصلة بالخف فتكون تبعا له كبطانته.
وإذا حمل كلام السمرقنديين ن على ما إذا كانت متصلة فلا نسلم أنه ضعيف، لما في البحر والزيلعي وغيرهما: لو انكشفت الظهارة وفي داخلها بطانة من جلد أو خرقة مخروزة بالخف لا يمنع. اهـ وهذا إذا بلغ قدر ثلاث أصابع وكأنه لم يقيد به للعلم به كذا في الحلية.
5- khuffs don’t stick and stay still unless with the help of something else ( zipper, rubber etc…)
Answer: One of the conditions of wiping over footwear is that the footwear must be thick. In reference to this the jurists state that the footwear must be thick enough that it can hold itself up and will not fold down. The condition of the footwear holding itself up on to the leg, again is a clarification of the condition of thickness and is not a primary condition in of itself. This is further understood by Imam Halabi’s statement, where he discusses that if thin socks hold themselves up due to being tight around the leg and not due to being thick, they will not fulfil the required conditions of wiping.
The way to test this condition is to take the footwear off and prop it up. If it can stay standing by itself then the condition of it being thick enough that it can hold itself on the leg will also be fulfilled. It would then not matter if the footwear has a material which holds it tight to the leg like a zip, as this test would show that it is not dependent on taking support of the leg and is able to stand by itself.
حلبي كبير 121
وحد الجورب الثخينين ان يستمسك اي يثبت ولا ينسدل على الساق من غير ان يشد بشئ هكذا فسروا كلهم وينبغي ان يقيد بما اذا لم يكن ضيقا فانا نشاهد ما يكون فيه ضيق يستمسك على الساق من غير شد ولو كان من الكرباس والحد بعدم جذب الماء كما في الاديم على ما فهم من كلام قاضي خان اقرب وبما تضمنه وجه الدليل وهو ما يمكن فيه متابعة المشي الصواب قال نجم الدين الزاهدي فان كان ثخينا يمشي معه فرسخا فصاعدا كجوارب اهل مرو فعل الخلاف انتهى …
حاشية الطحطاوي على مراقي الفلاح شرح نور الإيضاح (ص: 128)
“ولو كانا” أي الخفان متخذين “من شيء ثخين غير الجلد” كلبد وجوخ وكرباس يستمسك على الساق من غير شد لا يشف الماء
“وكرباس” هو الثوب الأبيض من القطن كما في القاموس وظاهر كلام الحلبي عن الحلواني والخلاصة أنه لا يصح المسح عليه إلا إذا كان مجلدا فليراجع
حاشية الطحطاوي على مراقي الفلاح شرح نور الإيضاح (ص: 131) الشرط “الخامس استمساكهما على الرجلين من غير شد” لثخانته إذ الرقيق لا يصلح لقطع المسافة
المبسوط للسرخسي (1/ 102) وَالثَّخِينُ مِنْ الْجَوْرَبِ أَنْ يَسْتَمْسِكَ عَلَى السَّاقِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَشُدَّهُ بِشَيْءٍ.
الهداية في شرح بداية المبتدي (1/ 32) وهو أن يستمسك على الساق من غير أن يربط بشيء فأشبه الخف
المحيط البرهاني في الفقه النعماني (1/ 170) والمراد من الثخين: إن كان يستمسك على الساق من غير أن يشده بشيء، ولا يسقط، فأما إذا كان لا يستمسك ويسترخي فهذا ليس بثخين، ولا يجوز المسح عليه
البحر الرائق شرح كنز الدقائق ومنحة الخالق وتكملة الطوري (1/ 192) وَالثَّخِينُ أَنْ يَقُومَ عَلَى السَّاقِ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَدٍّ وَلَا يَسْقُطُ وَلَا يَشِفُّ اهـ.
(قَوْلُهُ: وَالثَّخِينُ أَنْ يَقُومَ عَلَى السَّاقِ إلَخْ) الَّذِي اسْتَصْوَبَهُ الْعَلَّامَةُ الْحَلَبِيُّ حَدَّهُ بِمَا تَضَمَّنَهُ وَجْهُ الدَّلِيلِ، وَهُوَ مَا يُمْكِنُ فِيهِ مُتَابَعَةُ الْمَشْيِ وَقَوَّاهُ بِكَلَامِ الزَّاهِدِيِّ
الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (1/ 269) (الثخينين) بحيث يمشي فرسخا ويثبت على الساق ولا يرى ما تحته ولا يشف إلا أن ينفذ إلى الخف قدر الغرض.
6- If the leather is artificial, then it’s possible that it’s coated with colour, the colour may be cleared and ruined with time after mash or walking etc…
Answer: The colour of the footwear will not have any impact on whether or not one can wipe over it. Rather, the conditions of wiping mentioned above must be met.
7- A part of the Khuff is made of materials which may allow water, or it’s not 100% leather (as mentioned in the other question above )
Answer: This has been addressed under question 2.
8- As shown in the sent photos, the zipper and rubber is coming parallel to the ankle or even lower, so not the whole obligatory part is covered with leather ( or artificial leather)
Answer: This has also been addressed in question 2.
9- Is it even possible to walk on the khuffs that are created these days? They’re mostly worn as socks these days.
What about socks which look completely like the normal socks we wear, however they’re waterproof, like this : https://www.amazon.de/dp/B01MTODSN9/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apan_glt_i_ARCT5XPDV3AJ1K04FFSY.
Answer: If the footwear looks just like a pair of socks this will not be problematic provided the conditions required for wiping are found. Meeting these conditions will place the footwear in the ruling of khuffs.
Answered by:
Ifta Research Fellow
Checked & Approved by:
Mufti Abdul Rahman Mangera
Mufti Zubair Patel