Question
السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته
It has become increasingly difficult to avoid digital images and photography due to the growing popularity of technology. I am puzzled as to my current stance on digital images – that it is completely prohibited – after coming across its use by qualified, respected and recognised scholars of Islam. Please may I hear from you on whether it is permissible to engage in photography or sharing of digital images for the following purposes:
1) To fulfill passport or visa requirements for travelling (whether for Islamic or worldly pursuits)
2) To fulfill job or education requirements (e.g. ID card for university, online profile photo to apply for an online job)
3) For recognition purposes (e.g. sharing an image of the king or ruler of a country or a scholar that one is trying to seek out or another important person)
4) For marriage purposes (e.g. sharing the image of a man to a prospective bridegroom)
5) For a good cause (e.g. posting pictures of people suffering or them benefiting from donations in order to generate empathy and attract donors, as is common with many charities)
6) For religious inspiration (e.g. keeping a photo of a personal sheikh)
I am looking for an honest, transparent, detailed discussion on this topic, and I believe that I have come to the right people for this.
بارك الله فيك
Answer
Scholars have differing views regarding the status of digital imagery. Some scholars have argued that it is permissible to take digital photos and videos and doing so will not fall under the warnings of unlawful imagery. Others, on the other hand, have adopted a more cautious approach and prohibit the use of digital imagery. Caution would be to avoid unnecessarily taking pictures and videos of living beings.
As for promoting the religion of Islam using media, there are many benefits to this, hence, under the view of those scholars who permit digital imagery we would consider it permissible to record lectures and upload them for the benefit of the public.
Similarly, in instances of need, where one is required to have a photo, it would be permissible to have a photo taken and printed. This is an exception to the rule and will only be permitted in exceptional circumstances.
Hence, in response to your questions:
1&2. This would be permissible
3, 4, 5. This should only be done in a digital format as there is no need to print such an image.
6. This would be permissible in a digital format, though not advisable. One should take benefit from their shaykh’s words, and actions.
Answered by:
Ifta Research Fellow
Checked & Approved by:
Mufti Abdul Rahman Mangera
Mufti Zubair Patel